Compare film messages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare film messages - Assignment Example This is actually contrary to the main goal why the unions were established, helping people gain their rights like safe working conditions and wages commensurate to their efforts. The boss of the dock, Johnny Friendly can be said to be the Moneybag, making profits at all costs. Johnny engages in serious acts of murder, hiring people selectively. The people are filed with much terror and cannot testify against Johnny in the court. However, this silence is broken when Terry unites the people against Johnny and their strength helps to root out these leaders, which illustrates how people with unity of strength cannot be derailed by any kind of obstacle. The â€Å"Front,† refers to a comedy drama and film concerning some of the Hollywood artists that had been blacklisted in the times of live television. During this time, some of the famous directors, artists and writers had been rendered unemployable after being accused of being in support of Communism (Kasdan 65). One New York City cashier in a famous restaurant in the 1950s, Howard Prince has a friend that works for a television, since this friend is blacklisted, he requests Howard to write his name as the producer of some of the TV scripts (Kasdan 56). Howard agrees since he knows he will be entitled to s percentage of the proceeds. The scripts are accepted since they have a person not blacklisted. Later Howard lands in trouble with the Committee that investigates the entire production and programming (Dickos 67). He is made to face the reality of this industry, but accepts it gracefully since he had made some proceeds out of it. In the â€Å"Double Indemnity† film, the authors and directors of this film have used a very dark tone, which features in both thematic and visually. It illustrates of a hero that is led the wrong direction through lust and greed as well as fame. The indemnity film has made a great use of the shadows, which portray

Revenue Generation in Local Government Councils in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Revenue Generation in Local Government Councils in Nigeria Essay Local governments are potentially very important for Nigeria as they play a significant role in generating revenue and encouraging civil involvement, as well as creating a visible link between taxes and service delivery. The increasing cost of running government coupled with dwindling revenue has left various local governments in Nigeria with formulating strategies to improve the revenue base. Despite the numerous sources of revenue available to the various tiers of government as specified in the Nigeria 1999 constitution, since the 1970s till now, over 80% of the annual revenue of the three tiers of government comes from petroleum. However, the serious decline in the price of oil in recent years has led to a decrease in the funds available for distribution to the states and local governments. The need for state and local governments to generate adequate revenue from internal sources has therefore become a matter of extreme urgency and importance. The need underscores the eagerness on the part of state and local governments and even the federal government to look for new sources of revenue or to become aggressive and innovative in the mode of collecting revenue from existing sources. The general concern over the seemingly slow development of the rural areas in Nigeria has created a doubt as to the relevance of local governments in Nigeria whose primary function was to effect a representative government faster to all areas of the state land. Inadequacy of funds for various developmental projects stands as the cause for these shortcomings despite the increasing revenue allocation from the Federation accounts to the local governments. Hence the reason for the various avenues granted the local governments to generate revenues themselves. This essay is being carried out to appraise and evaluate revenue generation in the local governments, particularly the internally generated revenue (IGR) to point out its adequacies, inadequacies and give recommendations where necessary. It study seeks to:- * Identify the various sources of internal revenue available to local government council; * To examine the prospect of improving the internally generated revenue of local government council; * Spotting of factors militating against effective revenue collection in the local government; and * Proffer solution to identified problems. Good governance is good money. Revenue generation can play a significant role in improving local government efficiency and reducing local government dependency. This essay would provide positive suggestion on how to improve the financial position of the local government councils. Secondly, it will provide useful suggestions on how to effectively manage problems of revenue generation. Thirdly, it will provide useful suggestions on the budgetary control system the council can embark upon. Lastly, this work will help researchers, individuals, organizations, higher levels of government and also local government councils on how to enable them meet their obligations. The theory of public finance is a field of economics that is concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities, and with the administration and design of those activities. The proper role of government provides a starting point for the analysis of public finance. In this view, public sector programs should be designed to maximise social benefits minus costs, then revenues needed to pay for those expenditures should be raised through a taxation system that creates the fewest efficiency losses caused by distortion of economic activity as possible. In the light of the above, the focus of this essay is on revenue generation in local government councils with particular reference to Ikenne local government, Ikenne. This work will embrace an examination of the internal and statutory source to the total revenue. This work was intended to cover all the twenty (20) local government in Ogun State, but because of limited time frame and the unavailability of some records due to negl igence on the side of the staff, the focus will be on Ikenne Local Government only. This work will begin with the intention of developing an initial understanding of the opportunities and potential for revenue generation. To do this, the revenue generation constraints faced by local governments, perceptions of local governments, the importance of revenue, various revenue generation and service delivery will be appraised. This study will attract data from both primary and secondary sources. The data from primary sources will include those obtained from personal interviews. Secondary data would be obtained from budget speeches of council chairman, existing records in the council, journals, and CBN annual financial publications.

Study into the Prevalence of FGM in Nigeria

Study into the Prevalence of FGM in Nigeria 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Data The Nigerian Demographic Health Surveys (NDHS) of 2013 supporting evidence and additional sources of data from published reports of NDHS 2013 have been used in this study. Datasets for 2013 Nigerian DHS were downloaded following approval from measuredhs.com. Authorisation was obtained via registering with measuredhs.com, requesting permission to use datasets. Permission to use data was granted via email. (Appendix I). Demographic Health surveys have been ongoing for over 30 years in over 90 countries with over 300 surveys aimed at fostering global knowledge of health and population trends in developing countries. DHS surveys are nationally representative household surveys in women aged 15-49 (and sometimes men aged 15-49) which yield internationally comparable data on health indicators in developing countries. Datasets produced from this surveys are owned by measuredhs.com as part of the projects implemented by Macro International, with its funding from USAID. In most countries the DHS surveys are conducted every five years providing retrospective estimates of four years including year of study, with large samples from households through face to face interviews using standardised questionnaires designed to gather information on female genital cutting, maternal and child health, nutrition, HIV/AIDS, family planning, gender, malaria as well as the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. DHS surveys involve large samples In Nigeria, the National Population Commission (NPC) representing the Federal Government of Nigeria, conducts the survey with technical assistance from Macro International. The purpose of this data collected is to direct policy making, planning, monitoring and evaluation of programmes. Two phases are involved; First phase involves enumeration of urban and rural areas in clusters based on national population distributions. Eligible households are selected using systematic sampling, allowing for a large sample to achieve statistically significant results (Hajian-Tilaki, 2011). The second phase involves data collection using the three standard DHS questionnaires (household, women and men questionnaires). In the Nigerian Demographic Health Survey 2013, data was collected over five months, completed questionnaires were then edited, processed in CSPro computer package and all that was cleaned. This ensures accuracy of information and confidentiality to participants. Data collected is standardized by weighting adjusting for over and under sampling to produce representative results (NDHS, 2013). The NDHS 2013 facilitates a comprehensive picture of the current global trends on knowledge and prevalence of FGM among women and their daughters, types of circumcision, age at circumcision, and attitudes toward the practice to be constructed. Prior to NDHS Surveys of 2013 there were subsequent surveys in 1999, 2003, 2008 which collected data on FGM. This surveys reported prevalence of FGM in Nigeria amongst women age 15 to 49 as shown in table below: Table 2.1 showing prevalence of FGM in Nigeria from NDHS surveys. The prevalence of FGM in Nigeria from 2003 to 2008 recorded an increase and this was partly from the use of a new definition for what constitutes as FGM and also differences in the data available for selecting the sample. Interviewers used in the northeast of Nigeria included local forms of cutting and scraping of the vaginal walls in their definition of what constitutes FGM. The data bases for selecting the samples for the Nigeria DHS of 2003 and 2008 were relatively different, hence that made the distribution of the samples by region variant. (Yoder et al 2013). In the 2013 NDHS, the definition of FGM explicitly followed the WHO definition of FGM. In dissecting trends linked with FGM in Nigeria, it is unlikely that comparing prevalence of FGM using Nigeria DHS over years will give valid reasons for the trends over the years due to differences mentioned earlier (NDHS, 2013). 2.2 Variables The drivers of FGM from previous studies identified as mix of cultural, religious and social factors within families and communities. The variables of interest in this study are those related to these drivers of FGM and are classified as social, cultural, economic and geographical factors (WHO, 2014). For effective analyses some of the variables have been recoded. A full list of variables is attached in Appendix II. The outcome or dependent variable considered in this analyses is FGM; whether a woman had FGM or not. Other secondary outcomes of interest in this study is who performs FGM, perspectives and opinions on FGM were also examined (further categorized in table 2.1). The main independent variable in this study is Age at time of survey which serves as an indicator of the birth cohort of the participant. The exposure variables of interest in this study- residence, region- in order to analyse subpopulation trends. Other variables included in this study religion, ethnicity, education and wealth. The variable wealth index, measures a household relative economic status. This is calculated by a process which recodes and pools together data on household assets such as type of toilet, ownership of durable goods, etc. to produce a continuous standardized scale. This variables although not exhaustive have been selected because of their association with culture, socio-economic status which have an impact on the FGM practice (WHO, 2014). The relationship examined in this study will use the following variables Table 2.1 Definition and categorization of variables. *Types of FGM in table above (a) type I and II; flesh removed from genital area (b) type IV; genital area nicked no flesh removed (c); type III genital area closed. WHO classification for FGM (WHO, 2014). **All major ethnic groups in Nigeria and FGM practicing groups of significance from NDHS 2013 survey. 2.2 Data Analysis 2.2. 1 Conceptual Framework for analysing trends linked with FGM in Nigeria (WHO, 2014; NDHS Reports, 2013). The framework for analysis of trends linked with FGM will take in to cognizance sociodemographic factors that can confound or mediate the practice of FGM in Nigeria. This factors are shown below: Figure 2.1 above showing conceptual framework for analysis of FGM trends. 2.4 Data Analysis All analyses in this study were computed using SPSS v.22. The Data was weighted and complex sampling procedures used to minimise errors from sampling techniques used in NDHS 2013, thus ensuring results are valid (IBM 2015). The sampling weight was used for all analysis. A major part of the analyses involved handling of data using syntax files, a programme of orders which automatically computes analysis and can be saved. Some programmes used for the analyses can be found in Appendix III. The following statistical analysis were carried out to achieve the aim and objectives of this study: 2.4.1 Descriptive Analysis The analysis examined the following areas: General distribution of background characteristics of women age 15-49: frequency of background characteristics General Distribution of FGM related perspectives and opinions- frequencies of perspectives and opinions in the following: Ever heard of FGM Age women had FGM Prevalence of FGM including types Who performed FGM Number of daughters with FGM Beliefs on FGM required by religion Views on if FGM practice should continue or stop. Trends of FGM prevalence including types of FGM: percentage of women with FGM and its relationship by background characteristics, percentage of types of FGM and its relationship by background characteristics. Trends of perspectives and opinions on FGM by background characteristics: as listed above from b i, ii, iv, v, vi and vii. Trends of beliefs on FGM required by religion: percentage of women with FGM by beliefs on FGM required by religion Trends on opinions of FGM practice should stop or continue: percentage of women with FGM opinion on practice should stop or continue Trends of perspectives and opinions on FGM by age. Besides percentages and confidence intervals, chi-square test for trends are computed to ascertain the statistical significance of these associations. 2.4.2 Logistic regression analysis The variables on women background characteristics and perspectives of FGM were fitted into regression models in order to determine the extent they predict the outcome i.e. having FGM (b) to ascertain if the practice is declining or increasing by birth cohorts. This form of analysis involves computing bivariate and multivariate analyses using the main outcome FGM as the dependent variable and the previous variables (i.e. background characteristics) as the independent variables. In the bivariate analysis all independent variables except region were fitted into the model to estimate the crude trends in having FGM. Region was exempted to minimise confounding. A multivariate analysis involved fitting the same variables into the model controlling for age, education, ethnicity, economic status (wealth), urban-rural residence, and religion. The aim is to ascertain the relative importance of each variable as a predictor of having FGM. The reference categories for each variable fitted into the regression model are: age (15-19) education (no education), ethnic group (others), Residence (rural), religion (Islam), wealth index (richest).

Egoist and Utilitarian Responses to Terrorism :: Egoist, Utilitarian

Terrorism was not a dormant issue in the media until the attacks on the USA. The organised use of violence to target non-combatants for political purposes, is one of the most effective ways to gain media attention. Mainly used by extremist groups in the hopes of gaining recognition for their religious or political cause. Several attacks on the US have recently made headlines The attack on the USS Cole (October 12, 2000), US Embassy bombings in Kenya + Tanzania (August 7, 1998), Oklahoma City bombing (April 19, 1995) , the World Trade Centre bombing on February 27 1993 and finally the World Trade Centre bombing on September 11, 2001. . There were overt threats made to the US government regarding these attacks but most were dismissed as hoaxes. What we need to recognize about terrorism is its message. Attacks are usually perfectly planned and precise. In the attack on the WTC and pentagon, thousands of innocent people died when the Al-Quaida flew 3 passenger aircraft into both towers and crashed one into the pentagon, the USA’s best-guarded facility. Hopefully these deaths were not in vein, now other countries have joined George Bush in the war against terrorism and are launching repeated strikes on Afghanistan (the Al-Quaida’s supposed base.) They hope that these attacks will prevent any further events from happening. These attacks have in my view displayed that the Taliban can control the US economy and hit any target they wish, no matter how well guarded it is. Perhaps America should have been more cautious and handled the threats more carefully. Maybe they were being too proud and this is why the Taliban believe it is justifiable to kill innocents, or they chose to attack now because America was just feeling safe. Whatever the reason, we will never know. In 2002, the world changed forever. Anthrax, a biological weapon was released into the postal system and a commercial aircraft was turned into a 1000 tonne missile. War will have a new face, it will not be against an enemy firing projectiles, but instead, an invisible, deadly network of shadows attacking miscellaneous targets in random locations. This is why if we don’t act quickly; the world could be cast into turmoil. So how do other people feel about this topic? This is how I think an Egoist would feel. The word egoist means that you are only concerned with things that may affect you in the long run.

Women Participation During the Mexican Revolution

Paul Noguera February – 25 Women Participation during the Mexican Revolution Women played a big role during the Mexican revolution. Before the Mexican revolution, women always were discriminated and isolated by men; they had always lived under male control and their dominance on many aspects of the society. Women in Mexico have always been characterized by certain stereotypes such as family life, marriage, and the influence that they had from the Catholic. Women were never seen as people who could contribute to the society taking position such as in the government. This essay explains the transition and some of the contributions of many Mexican Women who were really important during the Mexican revolution. During the revolution women become to be part of Mexican politics for first time, they also had important participation on social movements and on the battlefields and finally they had and important influence on reforming the national Education in Mexico. Many women from high and lower class of the Mexican society managed to be part in high positions of Mexican politics despite of the inequalities they had to face during this period, gaining the respect of many men and of the society in many parts of Mexico. Many of the women who got to be in high positions of Mexicans politics become to be important political figures and inspiration for other women to believe in themselves. A woman who became an important figure in during the Mexican revolution was Hermilia Galindo. She was born in 1896 in Laredo, Durango Mexico (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 7), when the Mexican revolution began she was only fifteen year old. During Galindo’s political carrier she wrote many political disquisitions, was a public advocate for Carranza in many states and was the editor of the journal â€Å"Mujer Moderna† She rose quickly due to her intelligence, excellence speaking skills, and because she had skills and abilities that Carranza was shrewd enough to recognize and exploit. Hermilia was without doubt one of the most important public figures during the Mexican revolution, Carranza discover her when she was selected to give an speech upon his arrival after the fall of general Victoriano Huerta. Hermilia wrote many articles, and spoke to many women’s groups, supporting Carranza’s rule and to encourage women to join revolutionary groups in order to stand up to the Catholic counter revolution (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 26) . Hermilia was also important because of her roles as a Mexican feminist, Galindo supported feminist ideas and Carranza’s government; when Hermilia was part of Carranza’s government she found her own journal before mentioned called â€Å"Mujer Moderna† (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 5) from which she would attack the Catholic Church directly and call women for social participation against it as well. One the things that Hermilia fought for, was for equal rights between men and women, declaring the women should have the right to vote, unfortunately she was unsuccessful. Political women during the Mexican revolution were not always accepted by the people, they had important popular opposition from the more conservative population of Mexico who wouldn’t accept their participation and intervention on politics. Women as Hermila Galindo were essential to the revolution because they addressed feminist problems and had the courage and the energy to make them public and make the government be more aware about it. Women during the Mexican revolution didn’t only play an important role on politics, also on the streets and battlefield as well. There were some important social movements made by women during the Mexican revolution such as the Veracruz strike, where many women workers would fight to put an end to social and economic wrongs in the state (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 51). The Veracruz movement was one of the first social movements that happened during the Mexican revolution and was based on pressuring the government to enact a housing reform legislation that would make rent more fear for them not letting landlords to manipulate them. Also during the Mexican revolution we can see las Soldaderas as well, who were considered battlefield heroes of the Mexican revolution. Most of women workers as well as las Soldaderas were mestizas or Indian women who were affected or didn’t agree with government policies. These women proved themselves as men’s equals, and showed that women are as successful as men in getting the job done. Not only did they put their lives in danger to fight for their cause, but their bravery was as admirable as that of the men who fought for their rights, if not more because often they did not have just themselves to take care of, but children as well. During the Veracruz strike hundreds of women workers got together to fight for lower rent and to make them-selves respected. This social movement made by women become to be so important that called the attention of the government to make a change in the legislation about housing (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 25). Without these women fighting on the streets demanding a change in the constitution and with las Soldaderas fighting on the battlefield, the revolution would have been a different battle and women would have never had the chance to prove their abilities or gotten the recognition they deserved. Two Women who were really important during the Mexican revolution were Dolores Jimenez y Muro and Peta Rosa Ojeda. Jimenez and Ojeda were schoolteachers, Jimenez was born in Aguascalientes, she was a political radical (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 23), Ojeda was from the state of Yucatan and she always supported the Mexican revolution in her role as a teacher (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 37). Their roots as a schoolteacher were evident in their reform to decentralize the Mexican educational system. Ojeda was always more focused at the local level in the state of Yucatan Mexico and Jimenez was more involved on reforming the educational national system. By Jimenez trying to reform the educational national system would allow schools to be locally funded and controlled all over Mexico including in the state of Yucatan, where Ojeda was volunteering educating hacienda workers and trying to reform the education system of the state, this reformation would allow that each school would receive individual attention. Ojeda instead of Jimenez was more focused on educating workers in haciendas especially women who were repressed by the hacienda owner in Yucatan (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 38). Also since Ojeda herself was in touch with all classes of people, she could more easily see their problems and needs. This moved her to fight for reforms about the expensive and insufficient housing the lower classes had to endure in the state (Mitchell, â€Å"Women’s Revolution,† p. 44). Even though Mexican women permeated every niche in the society of the revolution, they have gotten only a fraction of the recognition they deserve. Many of their stories have been forgotten or re-written by the society to which they gave their ideas, work, and lives. Despite what male historians have led us to believe, Mexican women's contributions were just as great as men's were. They were of primary importance in the revolution and were essential to the causes for which they fought. Mexican women broke the molds of countless generations, and showed the strength of the female spirit. They took on core positions that were not traditional and excelled in many predominantly male-dominated roles. Mexican women were revolutionary in the way they stretched the boundaries of gender roles and reversed many stereotypes.

From the details to prolong the service life of rubber joint Essay Example

From the details to prolong the service life of rubber joint Essay Example From the details to prolong the service life of rubber joint Essay From the details to prolong the service life of rubber joint Essay Details determine success or failure, from the details to extend the service life of flexible rubber bellows expansion Joints, reducing costs, flexible rubber Joints in the pipeline construction should pay special attention to these details: 1, pipeline construction, must be allowed in a natural state, not artificial in installation products produced artificially deformed; 2, when the pipeline medium is acid, oil, heat, and other special materials should be chosen higher than the working pressure of a pipeline stall Joints; 3, the normal temperature for the medium is 0-60 0 C ordinary water, special media such as: oil, acid and alkali, high temperature resistance and hard texture, and other circumstances, should be used in relatively resistant materials deserve special rubber Joints, not blindly use string or universal. 4, when the pipe displacement greater than the maximum compensation amount equal joints, should increase the number of Joints parallel displacement, non-tolerance in order to adjust the pipeline, in the limits of the Joint displacement and deflection aviation status, but can not exceed the limits. The common sense of rubber Joint products There are two rubber Joint flange and a sphere composed of forged and cast steel flange has two kinds of forging better than steel. There are two general rubber sphere process: die hard mode gas. Inflatables good number of options when according to their actual situation. : If it is used to pay attention to their own benefit, it is recommended to use steel gas mode, if it is a big project requirements are elatedly high, it is recommended to use forged gas model. A few years ago are made of cast steel die, less demanding time, this can also be used. Flexing synthetic rubber joints have two integral flanges and a rubber ball, the device also comes with a limited bit stopper bolts and nuts. Small diameter rubber Joints require specialized tools such as crowbars and skilled technicians can get on the cover; Large diameter is relatively simple: the rubber sphere flattened into two parallel flanges inside, after the release, automatic bounce sphere.